尊重原创 来源:http://forums.huaren.us/showtopic.aspx?topicid=878145
秋冬是婴儿湿疹的多发季节,又见焦急的妈妈上来咨询, 特别是激素的用法和用量。激素,不敢用,又不得不用。我的一些经验教训,权作参考。
1. 外用激素的作用
外用激素可以暂时缓解或者消除皮肤的炎症。但只要过敏源依然存在,湿疹还会复发。
西医学界认为,婴儿湿疹没有特效药,湿疹只可自愈,不可治愈。外用激素是目前最安全的治疗药物。
2. 外用激素的种类和强度
这里有一个激素强度排行表,从最强到最弱。
美国医生常开得1% 氢化可的松,在Class 7 ,是最弱的激素。其他激素常以1% 氢化可的松为单位量化强度。例如,Class 6 的0.05% Desonide , 单位强度大约是1% 氢化可的松的5倍。
因为我儿子的湿疹,我前前后后和7个医生打过交道。我发现,三个月以内的小婴儿出现红疹,或者头上结黄痂,美国医生一般认为是从母体带来的荷尔蒙造成的,是baby acne、 cradle cap不开任何激素药,只强调用无刺激的婴儿护肤品保持皮肤湿润。大多数在三个月以后自愈。
如果三个月以后继续加重,医生视湿疹的严重程度,开的外用激素最强到class 4, 常见的是elocon, tricimolone。
我的儿医比较推崇Derma-Smoothe/FS Oil, 0.01% 。这个激素强度和0.05% Desonide 一样,但在体内代谢较快,据说大面积长时间使用,对身体的影响是最小的,所以常用于婴儿。
而国内常用的北京儿研所出产的肤乐霜含的Dexamethasone(地塞米松),这里排行为Class 3,一般不用在婴儿身上。国内医生长时间认为地塞米松是弱效激素。我读过一些文献,地塞米松还是个很有争议的激素,有的国家认为地塞米松是长效激素,半衰期长,对身体影响较大。
激素排行表,方便打不开上面链接的mm.
Brand name
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Generic name
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CLASS 1—Superpotent
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Clobex Lotion/Spray/Shampoo, 0.05%
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Clobetasol propionate
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Cormax Cream/Solution, 0.05%
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Clobetasol propionate
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Diprolene Ointment, 0.05%
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Betamethasone dipropionate
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Olux E Foam, 0.05%
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Clobetasol propionate
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Olux Foam, 0.05%
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Clobetasol propionate
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Temovate Cream/Ointment/Solution, 0.05%
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Clobetasol propionate
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Ultravate Cream/Ointment, 0.05%
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Halobetasol propionate
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Vanos Cream, 0.1%
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Fluocinonide
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Psorcon Ointment, 0.05%
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Diflorasone diacetate
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Psorcon E Ointment, 0.05%
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Diflorasone diacetate
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CLASS 2—Potent
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Diprolene Cream AF, 0.05%
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Betamethasone dipropionate
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Elocon Ointment, 0.1%
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Mometasone furoate
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Florone Ointment, 0.05%
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Diflorasone diacetate
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Halog Ointment/Cream, 0.1%
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Halcinonide
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Lidex Cream/Gel/Ointment, 0.05%
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Fluocinonide
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Psorcon Cream, 0.05%
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Diflorasone diacetate
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Topicort Cream/Ointment, 0.25%
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Desoximetasone
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Topicort Gel, 0.05%
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Desoximetasone
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CLASS 3—Upper Mid-Strength
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Cutivate Ointment, 0.005%
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Fluticasone propionate
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Lidex-E Cream, 0.05%
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Fluocinonide
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Luxiq Foam, 0.12%
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Betamethasone valerate
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Topicort LP Cream, 0.05%
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Desoximetasone
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CLASS 4—Mid-Strength
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Cordran Ointment, 0.05%
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Flurandrenolide
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Elocon Cream, 0.1%
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Mometasone furoate
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Kenalog Cream/Spray, 0.1%
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Triamcinolone acetonide
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Synalar Ointment, 0.03%
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Fluocinolone acetonide
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Westcort Ointment, 0.2%
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Hydrocortisone valerate
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CLASS 5—Lower Mid-Strength
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Capex Shampoo, 0.01%
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Fluocinolone acetonide
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Cordran Cream/Lotion/Tape, 0.05%
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Flurandrenolide
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Cutivate Cream/Lotion, 0.05%
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Fluticasone propionate
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DermAtop Cream, 0.1%
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Prednicarbate
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DesOwen Lotion, 0.05%
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Desonide
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Locoid Cream/Lotion/Ointment/Solution, 0.1%
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Hydrocortisone
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Pandel Cream, 0.1%
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Hydrocortisone
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Synalar Cream, 0.03%/0.01%
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Fluocinolone acetonide
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Westcort Cream, 0.2%
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Hydrocortisone valerate
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CLASS 6—Mild
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Aclovate Cream/Ointment, 0.05%
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Alclometasone dipropionate
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Derma-Smoothe/FS Oil, 0.01%
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Fluocinolone acetonide
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Desonate Gel, 0.05%
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Desonide
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Synalar Cream/Solution, 0.01%
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Fluocinolone acetonide
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Verdeso Foam, 0.05%
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Desonide
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CLASS 7—Least Potent
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Cetacort Lotion, 0.5%/1%
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Hydrocortisone
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Cortaid Cream/Spray/Ointment
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Hydrocortisone
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Hytone Cream/Lotion, 1%/2.5%
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Hydrocortisone
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Micort-HC Cream, 2%/2.5%
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Hydrocortisone
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Nutracort Lotion, 1%/2.5%
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Hydrocortisone
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Synacort Cream, 1%/2.5%
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Hydrocortisone
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3. 外用激素的副作用
激素对婴儿的副作用主要有两点:
1)大面积长时间使用,身体吸收激素过多,对HPA生长轴产生抑制,影响骨骼发育,暂时出现身高增长缓慢现象,虽然以后还会partial catch up。
2)对局部皮肤的影响。长时间使用,皮肤变薄,出现色素不均或皮下毛细血管显露。但多数在停药数周或者数月后会恢复。
我感觉,一般医生担心的是第一种副作用。我和医生讨论过这个大面积、长时间怎么定量。我的医生回答是身体面积90%以上,连续使用中强度激素3个月以上,可能会出现影响。
让这里妈妈纠结最多的第二种副作用。最容易受影响的是皮肤最薄,最影响美观的面部。我的儿医认为,小婴儿皮肤本来就薄,随着年龄增长,皮肤会变厚,不是大问题。我曾经追问,
- What if the uneven color or blood vessel won’t disappear?
儿医答:
- Honey, take him here. I still have a way. You’ve more important things to worry about now.
我家宝宝在5个月时,因为湿疹大爆发,面部连续使用过5周Desonide强度的激素。现在湿疹基本退去,我没有发现明显异常。回头来看这个激素使用,我现在不主张连续使用。因为我发现,激素有立竿见影的效果,但连续使用两周后,效力明显变弱。如果停用两周再用,效果又立现。所以,我认为,最好是连续用不超过7天,停一周再用。但我知道湿疹发得严重的时候,停药这一周是很艰难的,也有risk。
4. 外用激素的用法及用量
医生一般会告诉,薄薄一层在affected area, 一天1-2 次。尽量避免眼睛周围。因为如果把激素揉进眼里,会造成日后青光眼和其他眼科疾病。
如果宝宝全身大面积都是affected area,妈妈常常不知道如何用药。这里有一个用量单位FTU。
Fingertip units and children
An FTU of cream or ointment is measured on an adult index finger before being rubbed onto a child. Again, one FTU is used to treat an area of skin on a child equivalent to twice the size of the flat of an adult's hand with the fingers together. You can gauge the amount of topical steroid to use by using your (adult) hand to measure the amount of skin affected on the child. From this you can work out the amount of topical steroid to use.
The following gives a rough guide:
For a 3-6 month old child
- Entire face and neck - 1 FTU
- An entire arm and hand - 1 FTU
- An entire leg and foot - 1.5 FTUs
- The entire front of chest and abdomen - 1 FTU
- The entire back including buttocks - 1.5 FTUs
For a 1-2 year old child
- Entire face and neck - 1.5 FTUs
- An entire arm and hand - 1.5 FTUs
- An entire leg and foot - 2 FTUs
- The entire front of chest and abdomen - 2 FTUs
- The entire back including buttocks - 3 FTUs
For a 3-5 year old child
- Entire face and neck - 1.5 FTUs
- An entire arm and hand - 2 FTUs
- An entire leg and foot - 3 FTUs
- The entire front of chest and abdomen - 3 FTUs
- The entire back including buttocks - 3.5 FTUs
For a 6-10 year old child
- Entire face and neck - 2 FTUs
- An entire arm and hand - 2.5 FTUs
- An entire leg and foot - 4.5 FTUs
- The entire front of chest and abdomen - 3.5 FTUs
- The entire back including buttocks - 5 FTUs
这里是文章的链接,有图示用量单位
http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Fingertip-Units-for-Topical-Steroids.htm
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