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亚历山大·埃尔德博士和《以交易为生》

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发表于 2018-8-27 20:48 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
亚历山大·埃尔德博士和《以交易为生》

亚历山大·埃尔德博士出生于前列宁格勒(今天的彼得堡),生长在爱沙尼亚。16岁上大学,22岁医学院毕业。他向往自由,不愿受约束。完成一年住院实习,便去轮船上当随行医生。在非洲象牙海岸最大的港口都市Abidjan,他见机跳船,跑到美国大使馆申请政治避难。1974年2月,辗转来到美国纽约。当时,他随身只有几件非洲带来的夏季衣服,25美金,会讲一些英语,但在美国举目无亲。当年的苏联,仅仅持有几张美钞就足以让人在西伯利亚劳改三年,所以,他更不会知道何为股票、债券、期货或期权。

1976年夏天,他驱车从纽约开往加利福尼亚。沿途在风景优美的国家公园露营,顺便读了律师朋友借给他的书,恩格尔的《如何买股票》。他被这本不起眼的书深深吸引,从而改变了人生轨迹。回到纽约,他马上买了生平第一只股票 - KinderCare。

学习股票交易是一个漫长的过程,他经历过成功的喜悦和失败的沮丧,若干次交易账户几乎归零,不得不重新回到医院工作,积累资本, 这样周而复始。同时,他的交易也在逐渐进步。他大量阅读,反复思考、测试,然后又开始交易。但真正的突破拐点要等到他焕然大悟的那天:原来交易成功的关键不在电脑中,而是取决于人的大脑。交易心理素质至关重要!

埃尔德博士在纽约当过精神病医生,专业杂志编辑,还曾在纽约哥伦比亚大学教授心理学课程。他的经历和经验,使他对交易心理学有独到的见解。作为全球领先的交易专家,他出版了16本著作,包括闻名全球的畅销书 《以交易为生》和《走进我的交易室》(荣获美国Barron's巴伦周刊2002年度最佳图书)。在美国,他第一个发起了交易训练营(Traders'Camp),专门培训交易者。他还创办了选股高手Spike集团,专业和半专业的交易成员每周分享自己看好的股票,赢者胜出,获得奖金。

埃尔德博士目前仍从事交易,并为交易者组织网络研讨会。他是一位颇受欢迎的演讲者,最近一次大型公开课是在芝加哥的 TradersEXPO.

The TradersEXPO Chicago | Homepage
https://conferences.moneyshow.com/tradersexpo-chicago
We are thrilled to announce The TradersEXPO will be headed to Chicago at the Hyatt Regency McCormick Place, July 22-24, 2018! ... Alexander Elder ...

http://img3.laibafile.cn/p/m/298690048.jpg

Finding "A-Trades" and Managing Them (Part 1)*
July 22, 2018, 1:30 pm - 4:30 pm
Dr. Elder.jpg

Every private trader has to handle two tasks. First, you need to analyze markets to find opportunities. Next, you need to enter, manage, and exit trades. These jobs demand different skills, which is why trading firms assign them to different people. Companies split these tasks between analysts and traders--but you have to perform both jobs. Most traders mix them up, with poor results.


简短煽情的开场白

《以交易为生》的开场白寥寥数语描述了成功交易者的生活,简洁却不失煽情,两年前第一次读到,我便动心了。

You can be free. You can live and work anywhere in the world. You can be independent from routine and not answer to anybody.

This is the life of a successful trader.

你是自由自在的,你可以选择生活和工作在世界任何一个角落。你不必受日常事务约束或向任何人汇报。

这就是成功交易者的生活写照。

其实这段话也可以延伸到向往财富自由、希望早日退休者梦寐以求的生活。我的朋友年前退休,夫妻俩的退休金(pension,不是401k之类)旱涝保收每年有十多万美元,加上便宜优质的医疗保险几乎全保,所以生活滋润,后顾无忧,令人羡慕。朋友的短信原话:I haven't missed my job even once. Retirement rocks...


直指人心的问题

Do You Really Want to Succeed?

在正文开始之前,埃尔德博士提出了一个发人深省的问题:你真的想成功吗?随后,他举了一个例子。朋友的妻子嚷嚷着节食,吃减肥餐多年,效果甚微,依旧肥胖。她在众人面前拒绝触碰蛋糕或土豆,却躲在厨房里大快朵颐。对她来说,短暂的口福带来的满足,远胜过瘦身之后的健康效益。

想必我们很多人都感同身受,要减肥但管不住嘴,希望变成遵守纪律的成功交易员,却不断冲动交易,享受市场赌博带来的短暂刺激,乐此不彼。人们往往是短视的,不愿受约束,因此,倾向于及时行乐,忽视有规律地生活、交易带来的滞后的长远利益。然而,冲动的、情绪化的交易早晚会给你致命的一击,正如肥胖超重终将伴随着高血压、高血脂、高血糖等恼人的疾病。

To be or not to be, that is the question.生存或者毁灭,这是一个值得思考的问题。(莎士比亚)


时刻告诫自己是个loser

埃尔德博士在书中将交易失败者比作酒鬼,通俗易懂,直达痛处。参见精华文摘如下:

酗酒者和赔钱的交易者有一点十分相似:酗酒者试图把烈性酒改为啤酒来解决问题,而赔钱的交易者总是在不断地变化交易技巧,否认自己对交易失去了控制。

酗酒者必须承认自己不能节制饮酒,而失败的交易者必须承认自己不能节制亏损,是自己的心理障碍导致亏损。对于酗酒互助会的成员,第一个纠正步骤是当众承认:“我不能驾驭酒精。”而对于失败的交易者,第一个步骤则是清醒认识到:“我是输家,我不能驾驭亏损。”

当你承认自身存在的问题导致赔钱时,你就能开始建立全新的交易生活,开始设计赢家的纪律。

交易者可以采用酗酒互助会的方法进行康复。康复中的酗酒者将尽可能保持清醒,one day at a time每次一天。交易者必须尽可能尝试没有损失的交易,one day at a time每次一天。

你或许会说,这完全不可能。如果我买进而价格立即下跌,怎么办?或者,万一我在最低点放空,这又怎么办?即使是最顶尖的好手,有时候也会发生亏损。你必须在合理的风险与不合理的损失之间划一条界线。一位交易者必须承担合理的风险,但绝对不允许发生预定风险之外的损失。

只有资产不断增长,才能证明一个人的交易能力。人们往往在一次大的盈利或一连串盈利后变得骄傲自满、大乐失察。实际上,交易是一件如履薄冰的事,骄傲自满迟早会让利润回吐。

异曲同工,据说台湾期货交易高手“刀疤老二”每隔几天就会在交易日记中写上一句:“我是新手,我要小心”。想当初,刚开始投资,每个股票做了多少功课,读了多少报表,才精心选择了各个行业的佼佼者,也获得了不错的成绩。而后来,脑子一热,几分钟就敢下单,尝过一些甜头,便高估了自己的能力。股林高手如云,唯有小心谨慎才是。所以每天入场前,我也要时时提醒自己:我是新手,我会犯错,我要三思而后行, 宁可错过不要跌破。



3#
 楼主| 发表于 2018-8-28 12:23 | 只看该作者
Stops 停止点
  Trading without a stop is like walking down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan
without pants on. It can be done, I have seen people do it, but it is not
worth the trouble.
  交易不设停止点,好比在曼哈顿第五大道上闲逛,但没穿裤子。有人这么做,我也
见过,但这种冒险不值得。
  多么形象的比喻! 下一次买了股票不设止损,想象一下,自己变成了安徒生童话《
皇帝的新衣》里的主角,自以为是、自欺欺人,会不会万分尴尬?
  A stop will not protect you from a bad trading system; the best it can
do is slow down the damage.
  停止点并不能保护你免受错误交易系统的伤害,它最多只能减缓损害。
  A stop-loss order limits your risk even though it does not always work.
Sometimes prices gap through a stop. A stop is not a perfect tool but it is
the best defensive tool we have.
  设定停损可以控制你的风险,尽管它未必始终有效。股价有时会跳空穿越你的停损
点。停损并不完美,但它是我们最佳的防御工具。
  Serious traders place stops the moments they enter a trade. As time
passes, stops need to be adjusted to reduce the amount of money at risk or
to protect a bigger chunk of profit. Stops should be moved one way – in the
direction of the trade. We all like to hope that a trade will succeed –
and a stop is a piece of reality that prevents traders from hanging on to
empty hope.
  严谨的交易者在进场的同时就会设定停损。随着时间的推移,需要调整停损点以降
低风险资金或保护已有的盈利。停止点只能朝单一的方向,即交易的走势,移动。我们
期望交易能够成功,停止单是阻止交易者不切实际空想的一个现实工具。

  Risk Management风险管理
  A good trading system delivers greater profits than losses over a period
of time, but even the most carefully designed system doesn’t guarantee
success in every trade. No system can assure you of never having a losing
trade or even a series of losing trades.
  一个好的交易系统在一段时间里产生的利润会超过亏损,但即使是最精心设计的系
统也不能保证每笔交易都能成功。没有系统能向你担保永远不产生一个或者一系列的亏
损交易。
  The inability to manage losses is one of the worst pitfalls in trading.
Beginners freeze like deer in the headlights when a deepening loss starts
wiping out profits of many good trades. It’s a general human tendency to
take profits quickly but wait for losing trades to come back to even. By the
time the despairing amateur gives up hope and closes his trade with a
terrible loss, his account is badly and sometimes irreparably damaged.
  交易中最为致命的陷阱是缺乏管理损失的能力。面对亏损逐渐吞噬原来赚钱的交易
,初学者像车灯强光照射下的小鹿一般惊慌失措、僵直不动。通常,人类的天性使人快
速抛出获利的股票,而等待亏损的股票最后回到收支平衡。当绝望的业余交易员放弃等
待,以可怕的损失结束交易时,他的账户会变得很糟糕,甚至受到无可挽回的损害。
  To be a successful trader, you need to learn risk management rules and
firmly implement them.
  想成为一名成功的交易者,你必须学会风险管理的规则,并且严格执行。

  Whatever method you use, remember to apply the key risk management rule:
the distance from your entry to the protective stop, multiplied by position
size can never be more than 2 percent of your account equity. No matter how
attractive a trade, pass it up if it would require putting more than 2% of
your account at risk.
  无论你使用何种方法,请记住关键的风险管理规则:你的股票买入价格到你的保护
性止损点之间的差价,乘以你的仓位得到的结果,不应该超过你总资金量的2%。不管一
个交易有多么吸引人,如果潜在风险超过了投资账户的2%,那就必须放弃。
  The absolute maximum a trader may risk on any trade is two percent of
his account equity. For example, if you have $30,000 in your account, you
may not risk more than $600 per trade, and if you have $10,000, you may not
risk more than $200.
  交易者在任何交易中所能面临的最大风险是其账户净值的2%。例如,对30,000美
元的账户,每笔交易风险不能超过600美元。而10,000美元的账户,每笔风险则不应多
于200美元。
  If you see an attractive trade, but a logical stop would have to be
placed where more than 2 percent of equity would be at risk—pass on that
trade. You may risk less, but you may never risk more. You must avoid
risking more than 2 percent on a trade the way a recovering alcoholic avoids
bars.
  如果你发现一个吸引人的的交易机会,但合理停损点的设置会使超过2%的账户资产
面临风险,那就放弃交易。在交易中你可以接受小于2%的风险,但绝不能超过。避免接
受2%以上的风险,就如同酗酒者避免进入酒吧一样。

  三重滤网交易系统
  《以交易为生》第9章提出了几套交易系统,重点介绍了三重滤网交易系统(
Triple Screen trading system)。此系统由埃尔德博士设计,自1985年以来,一
直运用于实际的交易中。1986年四月份,作者首度在《期货杂志》介绍了这套系统。
  对于每笔交易,都需要经过三重的测试或过滤。许多交易机会乍看来不错,结果却
被某一层滤网拒绝。如果交易可以通过“三重滤网”的测试,成功的概率会大幅提高。 
  1) 第一层滤网是市场的长期趋势(主要趋势),仿佛大海的潮汐(tide)。采用趋
势指标如周线MACD柱的倾斜方向来判断市场走势,顺势操作做出决策:
  i) 当相邻的两根MACD柱向上倾斜时,表明多方占主导,允许买入或观望;
  ii) 当相邻的两根MACD柱向下倾斜时,表明空方占主导,允许卖出或观望。

  2) 第二层滤网指市场的中期趋势(次级趋势),识别与长期走势逆向的波浪(wave
)。在中期图表上运用震荡指标KDJ的超买超卖确定买入卖出点。
  i) 当MACD柱上升而KDJ下跌到30以下,表明进入超卖区,是买点;
  ii) 当MACD柱下降而KDJ上升到70以上,表明进入超买区,是卖点。

  3) 第三层滤网指市场的短期趋势 (日间波动),可以看成片片涟漪(ripple)。具
体的买卖在此进行。
  i) 当长期趋势上升而中期震荡指标下降而发出买进信号,采用追踪型的停止买单
,价位设定在前一天高点之上一档。如果价格上涨,买单自动成交。否则,没有交易。
  ii) 当长期趋势下降而中期震荡指标上升而发出卖出信号,采用追踪型的停止卖单
,价位设定在前一天低点之下一档。一旦市场掉头,卖单自动成交。否则,没有交易。
  一旦成交就要挂止损单,因为三重滤网交易系统只顺趋势操作,所以止损可以设置
的很窄,在前一天低点(或高点)下方(或上方)即可。

  “三重滤网”同时采用数种顺势的方法与逆势的技巧,由数个不同的时间架构分析
潜在的交易机会。 它不仅是交易系统,也是一套方法,一种操作风格,可以指导普通
交易者建立适合自己的交易系统。

  写交易日志
  Memory is the cornerstone of civilized life. It allows us to learn from
our successes and even more from our failures. Keeping a diary of your
trades will help you grow and become a better trader.
  记忆是文明生活的基石。它帮我们从成功中获得经验,而从失败的教训中则学会更
多。坚持记录交易有助于你的成长和成为更好的交易员。
  The mental baggage from childhood can prevent you from succeeding in the
markets. You have to identify your weaknesses and work to change. Keep a
trading diary—write down your reasons for entering and exiting every trade.
Look for repetitive patterns of success and failure.
  孩提时代承受的精神压力会妨碍你在市场上取得成功。你必须找出自己的弱点并努
力改变。坚持写交易日记,记下每笔买或卖的理由,从中归纳总结出反复成功或失败的
特定模式。
  Those who don't learn from the past are condemned to repeat it.
  那些不会从过去吸取教训的人注定会重蹈覆辙。
  You should concentrate on trading right, not on the money.
  你应当关注交易的正确性,而不是赚钱与否。
  交易日志包括:记录交易日期,每次买卖价位,成交价差,佣金,止损位,止损位
的所有调整情况,买入理由,目标价位,最大浮盈,达到止损位后的最大浮亏。
Trading Journal.PNG

  七项交易规则
  最后,分享埃尔德博士的七项交易规则。
    All of us have our own demons to exorcise on the journey to becoming
successful traders. Here are several rules that worked for me as I grew from
a wild amateur into an erratic semiprofessional and finally into a calm
professional trader. You may change this list to suit your personality.
  每位交易者在迈向成功的征途中,都必须驱除自己的心魔。下面列出的几项法则曾
帮助我从纯粹的门外汉变成半专业的交易者,最后又让我成为真正的专业交易者。你可
以根据自己的个性,调整它们的顺序。
  1. Decide that you are in the market for the long haul—that is, you
want to be a trader even 20 years from now.
  下决心长期入市交易,也就是说,即使在20年之后,你仍然想成为一名交易员。
  2. Learn as much as you can. Read and listen to experts, but keep a
degree of healthy skepticism about everything. Ask questions, and do not
accept experts at their word.
  尽可能多地学习,阅读和聆听众专家之长,但对任何观点保持一定程度的正常怀疑
。提出问题,但不可全盘接受专家们的表面说辞。
  3. Do not get greedy and rush to trade—take your time to learn. The
markets will be there, offering more good opportunities in the months and
years ahead.
  不要贪婪,急于交易--多花一些时间学习。市场始终会在那里,在未来的数月和几
年内将能提供更多更好的机会。
  4. Develop a method for analyzing the market—that is, “If A happens,
then B is likely to happen.” Markets have many dimensions—use several
analytic methods to confirm trades. Test everything on historical data and
then in the markets, using real money. Markets keep changing—you need
different tools for trading bull and bear markets and transitional periods
as well as a method for telling the difference (see the sections on
technical analysis).
  发展一套分析市场行情的方法,即“如果A发生,则B很可能发生。”市场有许多层
面—所以需要运用多种分析方法来确认交易。每种方法都必须通过历史数据的测试,和
真实货币在市场中测试。市场不断变化--你需要不同的交易工具对付多头、空头与过渡
行情,以及区分不同行情的方法(参考技术分析的章节)。
  5. Develop a money management plan. Your first goal must be long-term
survival; your second goal, a steady growth of capital; and your third goal,
making high profits. Most traders put the third goal first and are unaware
that goals 1 and 2 exist (see Section 9, “Risk Management”).
  制定一套资金管理计划。你的第一个目标必须是长期生存;第二个目标是投资资本
的稳定成长;第三个目标才是赚取高额利润。许多交易者本末倒置,把第三个目标摆在
最前面,不知道还有目标1和2(参考第10章“风险管理”)。
  6. Be aware that a trader is the weakest link in any trading system. Go
to a meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous to learn how to avoid losses or develop
your own method for cutting out impulsive trades.
  要意识到,交易者是任何交易系统中最薄弱的环节。参加酗酒者互助会的聚会,学
习如何避免损失,或者形成一套自己的方法以避免冲动型交易。 
  7. Winners think, feel, and act differently than losers. You must look
within yourself, strip away your illusions, and change your old ways of
being, thinking, and acting. Change is hard, but if you want to be a
professional trader, you have to work on changing and developing your
personality.
  赢家与输家对市场的思考方式、感觉和所采取的行动截然不同。你必须内省,排除
幻想,着手改变旧的思考与行为方式。改变自己十分艰难,但如果想成为一名专业的交
易者,你必须着手改变和发展自己的个性。

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[美国股票] 高成功率交易系统: :轻松三部曲,锁定买和卖 https://www.sinoquebec.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1157968&fromuid=186227

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2#
 楼主| 发表于 2018-8-27 20:55 | 只看该作者
Stops 停止点

Trading without a stop is like walking down Fifth Avenue in Manhattan without pants on. It can be done, I have seen people do it, but it is not worth the trouble.
交易不设停止点,好比在曼哈顿第五大道上闲逛,但没穿裤子。有人这么做,我也见过,但这种冒险不值得。

多么形象的比喻! 下一次买了股票不设止损,想象一下,自己变成了安徒生童话《皇帝的新衣》里的主角,自以为是、自欺欺人,会不会万分尴尬?

A stop will not protect you from a bad trading system; the best it can do is slow down the damage.
停止点并不能保护你免受错误交易系统的伤害,它最多只能减缓损害。

A stop-loss order limits your risk even though it does not always work. Sometimes prices gap through a stop. A stop is not a perfect tool but it is the best defensive tool we have.
设定停损可以控制你的风险,尽管它未必始终有效。股价有时会跳空穿越你的停损点。停损并不完美,但它是我们最佳的防御工具。

Serious traders place stops the moments they enter a trade. As time passes, stops need to be adjusted to reduce the amount of money at risk or to protect a bigger chunk of profit. Stops should be moved one way – in the direction of the trade. We all like to hope that a trade will succeed – and a stop is a piece of reality that prevents traders from hanging on to empty hope.
严谨的交易者在进场的同时就会设定停损。随着时间的推移,需要调整停损点以降低风险资金或保护已有的盈利。停止点只能朝单一的方向,即交易的走势,移动。我们期望交易能够成功,停止单是阻止交易者不切实际空想的一个现实工具。


Risk Management风险管理

A good trading system delivers greater profits than losses over a period of time, but even the most carefully designed system doesn’t guarantee success in every trade. No system can assure you of never having a losing trade or even a series of losing trades.
一个好的交易系统在一段时间里产生的利润会超过亏损,但即使是最精心设计的系统也不能保证每笔交易都能成功。没有系统能向你担保永远不产生一个或者一系列的亏损交易。

The inability to manage losses is one of the worst pitfalls in trading. Beginners freeze like deer in the headlights when a deepening loss starts wiping out profits of many good trades. It’s a general human tendency to take profits quickly but wait for losing trades to come back to even. By the time the despairing amateur gives up hope and closes his trade with a terrible loss, his account is badly and sometimes irreparably damaged.
交易中最为致命的陷阱是缺乏管理损失的能力。面对亏损逐渐吞噬原来赚钱的交易,初学者像车灯强光照射下的小鹿一般惊慌失措、僵直不动。通常,人类的天性使人快速抛出获利的股票,而等待亏损的股票最后回到收支平衡。当绝望的业余交易员放弃等待,以可怕的损失结束交易时,他的账户会变得很糟糕,甚至受到无可挽回的损害。

To be a successful trader, you need to learn risk management rules and firmly implement them.
想成为一名成功的交易者,你必须学会风险管理的规则,并且严格执行。

Whatever method you use, remember to apply the key risk management rule: the distance from your entry to the protective stop, multiplied by position size can never be more than 2 percent of your account equity. No matter how attractive a trade, pass it up if it would require putting more than 2% of your account at risk.
无论你使用何种方法,请记住关键的风险管理规则:你的股票买入价格到你的保护性止损点之间的差价,乘以你的仓位得到的结果,不应该超过你总资金量的2%。不管一个交易有多么吸引人,如果潜在风险超过了投资账户的2%,那就必须放弃。

The absolute maximum a trader may risk on any trade is two percent of his account equity. For example, if you have $30,000 in your account, you may not risk more than $600 per trade, and if you have $10,000, you may not risk more than $200.
交易者在任何交易中所能面临的最大风险是其账户净值的2%。例如,对30,000美元的账户,每笔交易风险不能超过600美元。而10,000美元的账户,每笔风险则不应多于200美元。

If you see an attractive trade, but a logical stop would have to be placed where more than 2 percent of equity would be at risk—pass on that trade. You may risk less, but you may never risk more. You must avoid risking more than 2 percent on a trade the way a recovering alcoholic avoids bars.
如果你发现一个吸引人的的交易机会,但合理停损点的设置会使超过2%的账户资产面临风险,那就放弃交易。在交易中你可以接受小于2%的风险,但绝不能超过。避免接受2%以上的风险,就如同酗酒者避免进入酒吧一样。


三重滤网交易系统

《以交易为生》第9章提出了几套交易系统,重点介绍了三重滤网交易系统(Triple Screen trading system)。此系统由埃尔德博士设计,自1985年以来,一直运用于实际的交易中。1986年四月份,作者首度在《期货杂志》介绍了这套系统。

对于每笔交易,都需要经过三重的测试或过滤。许多交易机会乍看来不错,结果却被某一层滤网拒绝。如果交易可以通过“三重滤网”的测试,成功的概率会大幅提高。 
1)     第一层滤网是市场的长期趋势(主要趋势),仿佛大海的潮汐(tide)。采用趋势指标如周线MACD柱的倾斜方向来判断市场走势,顺势操作做出决策:
i)      当相邻的两根MACD柱向上倾斜时,表明多方占主导,允许买入或观望;
ii)     当相邻的两根MACD柱向下倾斜时,表明空方占主导,允许卖出或观望。

2)     第二层滤网指市场的中期趋势(次级趋势),识别与长期走势逆向的波浪(wave)。在中期图表上运用震荡指标KDJ的超买超卖确定买入卖出点。
i)      当MACD柱上升而KDJ下跌到30以下,表明进入超卖区,是买点;
ii)     当MACD柱下降而KDJ上升到70以上,表明进入超买区,是卖点。

3)     第三层滤网指市场的短期趋势 (日间波动),可以看成片片涟漪(ripple)。具体的买卖在此进行。
i)      当长期趋势上升而中期震荡指标下降而发出买进信号,采用追踪型的停止买单,价位设定在前一天高点之上一档。如果价格上涨,买单自动成交。否则,没有交易。
ii)     当长期趋势下降而中期震荡指标上升而发出卖出信号,采用追踪型的停止卖单,价位设定在前一天低点之下一档。一旦市场掉头,卖单自动成交。否则,没有交易。
一旦成交就要挂止损单,因为三重滤网交易系统只顺趋势操作,所以止损可以设置的很窄,在前一天低点(或高点)下方(或上方)即可。

“三重滤网”同时采用数种顺势的方法与逆势的技巧,由数个不同的时间架构分析潜在的交易机会。 它不仅是交易系统,也是一套方法,一种操作风格,可以指导普通交易者建立适合自己的交易系统。


写交易日志

Memory is the cornerstone of civilized life. It allows us to learn from our successes and even more from our failures. Keeping a diary of your trades will help you grow and become a better trader.
记忆是文明生活的基石。它帮我们从成功中获得经验,而从失败的教训中则学会更多。坚持记录交易有助于你的成长和成为更好的交易员。

The mental baggage from childhood can prevent you from succeeding in the markets. You have to identify your weaknesses and work to change. Keep a trading diary—write down your reasons for entering and exiting every trade. Look for repetitive patterns of success and failure.
孩提时代承受的精神压力会妨碍你在市场上取得成功。你必须找出自己的弱点并努力改变。坚持写交易日记,记下每笔买或卖的理由,从中归纳总结出反复成功或失败的特定模式。

Those who don't learn from the past are condemned to repeat it.
那些不会从过去吸取教训的人注定会重蹈覆辙。

You should concentrate on trading right, not on the money.
你应当关注交易的正确性,而不是赚钱与否。

交易日志包括:记录交易日期,每次买卖价位,成交价差,佣金,止损位,止损位的所有调整情况,买入理由,目标价位,最大浮盈,达到止损位后的最大浮亏。


七项交易规则

最后,分享埃尔德博士的七项交易规则。

All of us have our own demons to exorcise on the journey to becoming successful traders. Here are several rules that worked for me as I grew from a wild amateur into an erratic semiprofessional and finally into a calm professional trader. You may change this list to suit your personality.
每位交易者在迈向成功的征途中,都必须驱除自己的心魔。下面列出的几项法则曾帮助我从纯粹的门外汉变成半专业的交易者,最后又让我成为真正的专业交易者。你可以根据自己的个性,调整它们的顺序。

1. Decide that you are in the market for the long haul—that is, you want to be a trader even 20 years from now.
下决心长期入市交易,也就是说,即使在20年之后,你仍然想成为一名交易员。

2. Learn as much as you can. Read and listen to experts, but keep a degree of healthy skepticism about everything. Ask questions, and do not accept experts at their word.
尽可能多地学习,阅读和聆听众专家之长,但对任何观点保持一定程度的正常怀疑。提出问题,但不可全盘接受专家们的表面说辞。

3. Do not get greedy and rush to trade—take your time to learn. The markets will be there, offering more good opportunities in the months and years ahead.
不要贪婪,急于交易--多花一些时间学习。市场始终会在那里,在未来的数月和几年内将能提供更多更好的机会。

4. Develop a method for analyzing the market—that is, “If A happens, then B is likely to happen.” Markets have many dimensions—use several analytic methods to confirm trades. Test everything on historical data and then in the markets, using real money. Markets keep changing—you need different tools for trading bull and bear markets and transitional periods as well as a method for telling the difference (see the sections on technical analysis).
发展一套分析市场行情的方法,即“如果A发生,则B很可能发生。”市场有许多层面—所以需要运用多种分析方法来确认交易。每种方法都必须通过历史数据的测试,和真实货币在市场中测试。市场不断变化--你需要不同的交易工具对付多头、空头与过渡行情,以及区分不同行情的方法(参考技术分析的章节)。

5. Develop a money management plan. Your first goal must be long-term survival; your second goal, a steady growth of capital; and your third goal, making high profits. Most traders put the third goal first and are unaware that goals 1 and 2 exist (see Section 9, “Risk Management”).
制定一套资金管理计划。你的第一个目标必须是长期生存;第二个目标是投资资本的稳定成长;第三个目标才是赚取高额利润。许多交易者本末倒置,把第三个目标摆在最前面,不知道还有目标1和2(参考第10章“风险管理”)。

6. Be aware that a trader is the weakest link in any trading system. Go to a meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous to learn how to avoid losses or develop your own method for cutting out impulsive trades.
要意识到,交易者是任何交易系统中最薄弱的环节。参加酗酒者互助会的聚会,学习如何避免损失,或者形成一套自己的方法以避免冲动型交易。 

7. Winners think, feel, and act differently than losers. You must look within yourself, strip away your illusions, and change your old ways of being, thinking, and acting. Change is hard, but if you want to be a professional trader, you have to work on changing and developing your personality.
赢家与输家对市场的思考方式、感觉和所采取的行动截然不同。你必须内省,排除幻想,着手改变旧的思考与行为方式。改变自己十分艰难,但如果想成为一名专业的交易者,你必须着手改变和发展自己的个性。v
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