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海豹油的功效还不止这些，请参阅有关网站关于海豹油的介绍。可惜是英文，但相信大多数人都看得懂。
Beneficial Effects of Seal Oil
来源：http://www.tidespoint.ca/health/info3.shtml
In today’s society, our human diet is vastly different from that of our ancestors. In early times, hunting, fishing, and gathering of foods was an important part of their lifestyle and natural foods were at their best. Consequently, a biologically preferable ratio of Omega 6 to Omega 3 fatty acids was consumed.
The Omega 6’s are derived from vegetable oils, the consumption of which has increased dramatically this century with the industrialization of agriculture. The Omega 3’s are derived from marine oils, such as fish and seal oils, and their consumption relative to vegetable oils has declined, in some countries, from a ratio of 1:1 to 1:25. The Omega 3’s and Omega 6’s have different physiological factors, but work in concert with each other to regulate biological processes. The World Health Organization recommends an Omega 3 to Omega 6 ratio of 1:5.
Gradually, over time, for various reasons including convenience, we began preparing and eating less and less fish and marine mammals. As a result, our diet today is deficient in Omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), a most important “essential” fatty acid for human development and health. An “essential” fatty acid is one that cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained from a food source. Today, the medical profession is treating more and more incidences of heart disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease, in addition to cancers and depression. A major contributing factor to such diseases is a deficiency in essential fatty acids.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Initial studies by Band and Dyerberg in 1971 on Greenland Eskimos, and significant subsequent research, point to a strong relationship between Omega 3 PUFA and CVD. This study found that the Greenland Eskimos had a much lower incidence of CVD and cancer despite a diet high in the consumption of fats. Greenland Eskimos consumed much more seal than fish, seal being a staple of their diet, in addition they could further use the seal for heating, clothing and tools.
Among the ailments, which can be treated by Omega 3 supplementation, they are:
Heart disease. Research has indicated that Omega 3 can reduce the risk of primary cardiac arrest by 70%, by reducing blood vessel blockages. Other work (Dr. Leof of Harvard Medical School) has found that PUFA’s can prevent sudden death from irregular heart beats following a heart attack. Yet another study has found that a diet rich in Omega 3 can reduce chances of a second (fatal) heart attack by 30%.
Blood pressure. Fish oil helps lower blood pressure and may help certain blood pressure medicines work more effectively.
Stroke. Dutch researchers have confirmed a link between fish consumption (as little as one 3 oz serving per week), and a reduced risk of stroke, noting fish oil’s ability to retard coagulation, a thickening of the blood that can lead to stroke inducing clots.
Menstruation. Researchers at Children’s Hospital medical Center in Cincinnati say Omega 3 may reduce the associated pain, nausea, and bloating.
Mental illness. A British study claims that up to 80% of schizophrenics are deficient in unsaturated fatty acids like Omega 3. Omega 3 deficiency has also been linked to depression and general mental deterioration.
Cancer. Fish eaters are less likely to die of cancer. One major study found that daily fish consumption dramatically slows abnormal cell growth that can lead to colon cancer. Another showed similar success impeding breast cancer. The Japanese, who eat three times more fish than Americans, have a breast cancer rate that is five times lower and a life expectancy that is four years longer. The American Heart Association announced to 40,000 delegates at an annual conference in 1997 that Omega 3 consumption delivered dramatic heart benefits.
Arthritis. More than a dozen studies confirm that Omega 3 offers anti-inflammatory relief for arthritis sufferers. It may also slow the course of kidney disease.
Fetal development. Studies show that pregnant women should eat fish to aid fetal brain and eye development. This is particularly important for babies that are born prematurely.
Literally thousands of studies have been published on the potential beneficial effects to human health of seafoods and fish oil preparations containing Omega 3 fatty acids.
In fact, a bibliography (Special Bibliography 1995-A, “Effects of Fish Oils and Polyunsaturated Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease) prepared by Arthur Wykes of the Specialized Information Services, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, found 1,108 citations related to this topic published between June 1993 and January 1995 alone.
The bibliography noted that Omega 3 research in the United States, Europe and Asia has focused on the possible blood lipid-lowering and anticoagulant effects induced by fish and fish oil consumption, and on their potential for lowering risks for heart attacks, atherosclerosis, and cerebral thrombosis. Other research topics have included arthritis and inflammation, immunological conditions, diabetes, kidney and skin disorders, cancer, growth and development, vision and brain development, and membranes, as well as plant and other non-fish sources of essential fatty acids.
Seal oil is a superior source of Omega 3 compared to fish. Original findings prompting such research, as noted, were based on observations of Greenland Eskimos whose diet included predominantly seal meat and oil. Seal oil is a superior source of Omega 3 to fish and / or fish oils in many ways.
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is present at very low levels in fish oils relative to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docohexaenoic acid (DHA), but is almost as important as either the EPA or the DHA in seal oils. Seal oil can supply up to ten times as much DPA as would fish oils. About a third of the long chain Omega 3 fatty acids circulating in human blood is attributable to DPA.
Because of this, DPA has become of interest to medical researchers in both France and Japan. It seems that in the blood vessel walls, EPA may actually be converted to DPA as the effective agent.
Japanese researchers at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University in Tokyo have shown that the one stimulative effect of EPA on endothelial cell migration occurs via DPA, and that DPA may act as a powering antiatherogenic factor. Although it has been believed that EPA is the key in producing prostaglandin that keeps the artery wall soft and free of plaque, this study indicated that DPA may be 10-20 times more powerful than EPA in this effect.
Also, with the exception of seal oil, the highest incidence of DPA is in mother’s breast milk. This is important for early childhood development, including visual acuity and mental development. Deficiencies in Omega 3 PUFA’s such as DPA may result in impaired development of visual acuity and motor skills, according to several studies. The relative proportions of Omega 3 PUFA’s in most fish oils does not correspond well with that of human breast milk, but seal oil has a more similar compositional structure.
Fish oil is susceptible to oxidization whereas seal oil is more resistant to natural oxidative processes. Preliminary experiments by Drs. Nakhla and David have shown that the extent of oxidization of Omega 3 PUFA’s in seal in vitro was less than half that observed in fish oils. This can have major implications since there is significant research linking anti-oxidants to a reduction in free radical acids - and thus helping to reduce the risk of cancer and other diseases.
The absorption of seal oil into the human body is easier and more thorough than fish and fish oils. In seal oil, the Omega 3 fatty acids are in the -1 and -3 positions of the triglyceride molecule (same as humans) while in fish oil they are in the -2 position.
The Omega 3 content of seal oil is 20%-25%, which is higher than most fish oils, making seal oil capsules a much more effective source of Omega 3 than fish itself.
Seal oil is virtually free of cholesterol, while many fish and fish oils are relatively high in cholesterol.
Reviews by the US Department of Health and Nutrition Services, National Institutes of Health, the Life Sciences Research Office of the Federation of Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), and the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) indicate that there is consensus, that benefits would accrue to the population should dietary intake increase to around 1-2 gram long chain Omega 3 n-3 PUFA per day. Current average consumption of Omega 3 fatty acids in North America and Europe is about 200 grams / year or less than 20% of recommended intake. Health Canada recommends 1.8g of Omega 3 fatty acids in a daily diet. Two seal oil capsules per day can make up for this deficiency. |
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发表于 2003-9-27 23:16
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